The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines data verification as “the process of evaluating the completeness, correctness, conformance, and compliance of a specific information set against the method, procedural, or contractual specifications for that activity”. Data validation is described as “an analyte- and sample-specific process that evaluates the information after the verification process (i.e., determination of method, procedural, or contractual compliance) to determine analytical quality and any limitations”.

The SWAMP verification and validation system is designed to implement both concepts. The specific details of the system are contained in the SWAMP Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that pertain to data verification and validation. These and other SWAMP SOPs are listed on the SWAMP Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) page of this website.

Three Data Loading and Verification SOPs describe the additional review performed by the SWAMP Data Management Team (DMT) prior to data transfer into the database. There are separate SOPs for field measurements, chemistry, and toxicity testing.

The Data Classification System SOP describes the Quality Assurance Team (QAT) or DMT classification of data batches prior to their placement on the permanent side of the database. The classification system categorizes data based on its adherence to SWAMP guidelines. This SOP is currently in review.

The Database Assessment SOP describes the QAT’s assessment of data from the permanent side of the database. In an attempt to spot potential sources of systemic error, the group performs focused queries to identify and evaluate data flagged as “Estimated”. Corrective actions are instituted based on these assessments. This SOP is currently in review.

In addition to SWAMP-level data verification and validation activities, end users may perform a final data assessment prior to decision-making or report creation. An example of this process may be found in the EPA document Guidance for Data Quality Assessment: A Reviewer’s Guide.